The process design selection for lng is an optimization among the elements of refrigerant selection and composition, the design of the heat exchanger and the heat transfer area. Rotating llc gejuan coles williams gus posada boardwalk arnold eisenstein universal pegasus. Mechanical drives chiller compressors can be driven by electric motors, reciprocating engines, gas turbines, or steam turbines. They are exposed to the method of performance evaluation, understanding performance curves operational issues like parallel operation and evaluate the machine performance from.
There are many types of compressors, thus a proper selection is needed to fulfil the typical necessity of each industry. May 02, 2019 there are many different types of air compressors, each with their own unique capabilities and drawbacks. Hydrogen compression application of the linear motor. It is attached to an acoustic horn, a widening duct which serves to radiate the sound efficiently into the air. Also, the refrigerant power consumption must be matched to accessible compressordriver capacity.
Once required process conditions of suction pressure and temperature, discharge. What you may not know are the many other criteria for selecting a motor that will perform well over a long life. You can start at any point on the wheel and move around it in any direction. Fixed speed drives are limited in the sense that they do not offer. Selecting design criteria for natural gas liquefaction facilities justin d. Selection criteria in compressor antisurge valves emerson. Ii find out the details gas, pressures, temperatures, capacities, etc iii scope of supply who is to supply the motor, switchgear, piping, etc iv size the compressor v select accessories.
Applications requiring dynamic study a dynamic study is applicable to low inertia systems including the combined compressor driver rotor system. They can be maddening when it comes to selecting an industrial air compressor. There are many different types of air compressors, each with their own unique capabilities and drawbacks. You know how to match your motor to your supply voltage. In this series of columns, i am explaining the basics of compressor selection. Design requirements for reciprocating compressors high reliability is achieved when the vibration related risks are properly addressed during the design phase. It will also provide useful guidelines for owners, field operators, designers and epc contractors to arrive at right solution for their specific application. Jun 01, 2007 in many cases, the decision whether to use a reciprocating or centrifugal compressor, as well as the type of driver, will already have been made based on operator strategy, emissions requirements, general lifecycle cost assumptions, etc. Compressors and expansion turbines energy siemens siemens.
Plant engineering rotary screw air compressor basics. The four most common types of air compressors you will see are. Aug 19, 2014 most dynamic compressors are turbocompressors with an axial or radial flow pattern and are often designed for largevolume flow rates. The first step in the choice of the compressor is the preselection of the type of compressor according to the characteristics stated in part 2 of this series7 under the subheading main features and the selection chart figure 5. Hp through 30 hp is a publication illustrated with photos and charts detailing the types of compressors available, their intended applications and selection criteria for a variety of industries air compressor selection and application. Flng designs have additional criteria for compressor and driver selection when compared to landbased. May 26, 2016 compressor selection criteria evaporator operating conditions refrigerant type ambient conditions required refrigeration capacity compression ratio flow rate through the compressors of the designed system free air delivery, fad compressor cooling system total required power input. Maintenance and troubleshooting centrifugal compressor maintenance and troubleshooting centrifugal compressor. Now, i will introduce the gpsa compressor coverage chart and discuss how it can be used to identify possible compressor design candidates given a set. Look at the compressor selection process in a series of logical steps to make the process easier. A vast majority of the drivers used in the lng process are gas. A collection of one or more drivers and compressor casings with. The circuit breaker resets itself after a brief interval. Your gas compression application reciprocating, centrifugal, or screw.
Rotating llc gejuan coles williams gus posada boardwalk. For this example, consider a discharge line that is 50 ft schedule 40, 4in. In part 2 of this series, i explained how to calculate gas flow in terms of actual cubic feet per minute acfm. Greg phillippi is the director of process compressor marketing and sales for ariel corporation in mount vernon. Design considerations for highpressure reciprocating. This design guideline covered the selection and sizing method of compressor used in the typical processing industries. An introduction to compressor selection part 3 of 4. These occurrences can damage the rotor seals, rotor bearings, the compressor driver and cycle operation.
Rotary air compressor selection guide presents the complete range of. Integrallygeared compressors are relatively new to process applications and involve more complex dynamic behavior, more vibration and dynamic factors, and usually narrower operating margins. Overview compressor, driver and control technologies tips to specify rotating machinery correctly common selection criteria compressor application charts roundtable. We show how the selection of these design criteria affects overall plant performance, and discuss how these important plant. Compressor selection rev 02 viska mulyandasari and. The selection of a compressor should be made according to the following. The guideline helps engineers to understand basic design of the difference types of compressor, and gain knowledge in selection and sizing. Compressor selection the compressor has 2 principle functions in respect to the circulation of refrigerant. This includes space and weight limitations, maintenance and safety considerations. In some sound reinforcement and studio monitors the high frequency drivers are protected by current sensing selfresetting circuit breakers. Compressor and driver types there are several types of compressor available, commonly categorised as either positive displacement or dynamic type figure 1. Flow enters the compressor via the inlet and flows into the inlet guide, which distributes the flow circumferentially around the machine to provide a uniform velocity and pressure at.
Driver selections may also influence both compressor selections and arrangements. These conditions are often specified in the compressor performance graphs, which must be referred to in the selection process of the compressor. Selection of the mix of drivers for large mechanical loads and main power generators on numerous large offshore facilities. Once required process conditions of suction pressure and temperature. The first step in the choice of the compressor is the pre selection of the type of compressor according to the characteristics stated in part 2 of this series7 under the subheading main features and the selection chart figure 5. The selection should represent the best available configuration to meet specified requirements. Fundamental forms of these arrangements along with their benefits and negatives will also be explored.
Most turbomachines are designed to easily withstand occasional surging. The isentropic head h a to input into the chart is calculated via expressions 1. Compressor selection should be based on an evaluation of technical and commercial factors and this should be completed before placing an order. Selection criteria in compressor antisurge valves some of the most consistently popular posts here on the blog involve compressor antisurge control. Maintenance and troubleshooting centrifugal compressor. Use the decision wheel to help clear your thinking. Gea rtselect software our product selection and configuration program is used to define equipment component andor package requirements. An additional pump selection problem is shown example 2. Applications requiring dynamic study a dynamic study is applicable to low inertia systems including the combined compressordriver rotor system. Air compressors are categorized as either positive displacement or dynamic displacement, based on their internal mechanisms. Since there are no unbalanced dynamic forces with a rotary compressor, only a concrete foundation of sufficient size to support its mass and maintain any alignment between compressor and driver is. All the important parameters used in the guideline are well explained in the definition section, which helps the reader to. Air compressor size and selection guide grainger industrial. By supercooling natural gas to 160 degc 260 degf, the gas primarily methane becomes a clear and odorless liquid occupying 1600 th of its volume in its gaseous state.
The compressor can be driven through a v belt for low power ranges, a gear box in moaeratehigh power ranges or. Agenda overview compressor, driver and control technologies tips to specify rotating machinery correctly common selection criteria compressor application charts roundtable. Decisions about the layout of compressor stations such as the number of units, standby requirements, type of driver, and type of compressors have an impact on these criteria. Centrifugal compressor configuration, selection and. When the gas turbine driver rpm are too high in low hp range, say 2000, rendering. Process design of compressors project standards and specifications page 2 of 47 rev. However, a hydraulic analysis should be made for each compressor selection to ensure the best choice. The selection of alternative drive technologies rests primarily on the issues of first cost and operating cost, as well as. Floating lng plants flng flng designs have additional criteria for compressor and driver selection when compared to landbased plants. Status of the compressor can be remotely monitored with modem connections. For technical services and project people, the course gives an in site into the right selection of a machine, how to draft a procurement specification of a compressor. Selecting an industrial air compressorits air time. Process selection and recent design innovations for lng.
Driver selection for refrigerant compressor for small scale flng. This compressor will be used to evacuate a vessel at the end of a batch process. Important criteria include first cost, operating cost especially fuel cost and maintenance cost, life cycle cost, availability, flexibility and emissions. This product line combines highly efficient compressors with best in class prime movers such as gas turbines and electric motors from our comprehensive drives portfolio. Therefore the calibration of a compressor must be against a given standard. Pump sizing and selection made easy chemical engineering. In many cases, the decision whether to use a reciprocating or centrifugal compressor, as well as the type of driver, will already have been made based on operator strategy, emissions requirements, general lifecycle cost assumptions, etc. For example, small compressors may have less forces and mechanical problems while higher risks are faced with. Weve put together this handy air compressor selection guide to explain how air compressors work, describe a few of their specifications, discuss some elements to consider when buying an air compressor and lay out some helpful tips about how to select a compressor for your business. Figure 2 shows the evolution of the lng process technology since the early years from steam turbine to gas turbines as the driver of choice for the refrigeration. This pc program can be installed on 32bit versions of windows xpvista78.
Selection requires matching compressor capabilities to process requirements. Compressor selection criteria evaporator operating conditions refrigerant type ambient conditions required refrigeration capacity compression ratio flow rate through the compressors of the designed. Zardynezhad, wood group mustang, calgary, canada compressors are key equipment pieces in gas processing projects because they are longlead delivery items that require the allocation of a significant portion of the budget, and their performance significantly affects operating expenditures opex. Compressors are an integral part of the production process. What this means is that in most cases you will need to round up to the next available motor size when determining how large a motor to couple up to a pump. A reciprocating compressor is a positive displacement machine in that a volume of gas is drawn into the compression chamber. Compressor selection in refrigeration systems example. Most dynamic compressors are turbocompressors with an axial or radial flow pattern and are often designed for largevolume flow rates. This compressor is to transfer liquid propane from railcars into a bulk storage tank.
When too much power is dissipated by the driver, the circuit breaker interrupts the flow of electric current. Surge control design for centrifugal compressor systems. Compressor selection chart with an example application. Compressors are widely used in industries to transport fluids. Overview compressor, driver and control technologies. To begin with, calculate the amount of cfm cubic feet per minute required in a shop to determine the necessary capacity of a compressor. The most popular versions of the grasso compressor selection 3. With direct gas turbine drive, the match of the drivers design to the refrigeration compressors is crucial in the liquefaction process selection. A compression driver is a small specialized diaphragm loudspeaker which generates the sound in a horn loudspeaker. The control schemes used for these compressors depend on the driver that is selected for them. If the compressor driver train is not limiting, then the other equipment in the liquefaction train needs to be evaluated. Its a condition in centrifugal and axial compressors where a flow reversal condition can occur. Process machines such as compressors and pumps would be driven by electricity, steam turbines, and gas turbines, etc.
But not all compressor applications contain the same risk. Electric motors are generally sized at predetermined intervals. They are able to spec out every component and control. Air compressor size and selection guide an inefficient compressedair system results in higher energy costs per unit of compressed air, improper or erratic tool operation, shortened component life, reduced capacity and the buildup of rust or sludge in the main and branch lines. Grasso compressor selection free download windows version. Pipeline centrifugal compressors siemens provides a wide range of compressors and compressor packages for natural gas transmission and distribution.
Also, the refrigerant power consumption must be matched to accessible compressor driver capacity. Jun 03, 2004 in the supermarket sector, people who make decisions on what kind of mechanical refrigeration systems to use have a variety of options. Compressor station considerations 15th pipeline technology. Comparison of compressor driver types torque, size, weight 41. There are also choices to be made on driver selection to best match compressor rotational speed and power requirements. Refrigeration compressor an overview sciencedirect topics. This free program is a product of grasso consultants b. Machineryprocess configurations for an evolving lng landscape air products joe wehrman, mark roberts, bill kennington. Gas compression is one of the most energyintensive production processes. Compressor selection in refrigeration systems example 4,614 views.
1026 626 380 107 443 559 1382 1064 1478 1503 1043 712 302 402 128 503 1483 1153 1485 477 1443 363 1214 807 572 338 1419 466 4